Funeral directors and others in the deathcare industry may hear the words “Yahrzeit” and “Yizkor” in association with a Jewish funeral, but they may not know exactly what they mean or their importance to those of Jewish faith. The following article shares the significance behind both words, and ways funeral directors can help families and loved ones honor the deceased through these acts.
What is Yahrzeit?
The word “Yahrzeit” is Yiddish and is translated to mean “time of year.” In Judaism, there is a focus on carrying on the memory of those who came before us from generation to generation. Based on Jewish law, the Yahrzeit occurs one year following the death of a loved one, as determined in accordance with the Hebrew calendar. Traditionally, the observance begins on the anniversary of the Hebrew date of death; however, when a death occurs after sunset, the following day is used to mark the Yahrzeit.
How is Yahrzeit Observed?
While there are some traditional ways to observe Yahrzeit – reciting the Mourner’s Kaddish and lighting a candle – it is a personal remembrance, and each family may have their own special way of honoring their loved ones on this day.
Oftentimes, family and friends may choose to visit the grave. At the graveside, they may place stones or ensure the area is clean. As a sign of tribute, many loved ones may also plant trees, since trees are considered a living legacy, and a way to keep the memory alive for generations to come. For others, they use the time to tell stories, look at pictures, share meals, and honor the deceased through loving memories.
What is Yizkor?
Yizkor means "remembrance" in Hebrew and most commonly refers to memorial prayer services held four times a year. Many Jewish people believe in the eternity of the soul, and it is common belief that saying Yizkor, remembering a loved one, and giving charity in a loved one's name helps their soul gain merit from others’ good deeds. Reciting Yizkor may also serve as an important and reflective time for individuals honoring and commemorating loved ones.
When is Yizkor Observed?
Yizkor is most commonly recited four times a year in synagogue. The Torah reading of Yizkor accompanies holidays on the last day of pilgrimage festivals, in addition to the day of atonement.
The four observances include:
How is Yizkor Observed?
The meaning of “Yizkor” stems from the Hebrew root Zachor, which means, “you shall remember”. Its primary purpose is to honor the deceased by committing to providing tzedakah (charitable giving) in their memory. For some, they believe that good deeds of survivors elevate the souls of the deceased. Those who are more superstitious may choose not to stay for a Yizkor service if they have not lost immediate family members as they consider it to be bad luck.
Yizkor traditionally consists of four parts:
- A series of readings and prayers setting the tone for the service
- Paragraphs read silently, recalling lost loved ones. Different readings are available based on the relationship to the deceased (e.g., father, mother, husband, wife, son, daughter)
- The memorial prayer for the deceased, called the Kel Maleh Rachamim
- A special prayer, Av HaRachamim, recited by the congregation as a memorial for Jewish martyrs
How Funeral Directors Can Help
Loved ones of the deceased may have varying levels of knowledge about how Yahrzeit and Yizkor are observed. And while they may rely on clergy to help guide them, if funeral directors have an understanding of these observances, they can provide additional support, answer questions about traditions, and help incorporate these traditions into services, funeral programs, obituaries, and other remembrances.